The 13th-day ceremony after a person’s death in Hindu tradition is known as ‘Teravih’ or ‘Tehravin’. This ceremony marks the end of the primary mourning period for the family and is a significant ritual performed to help the soul of the deceased transition peacefully to the next realm and to bring closure to the grieving family.
The Significance of the 13th Day
According to Hindu beliefs, the soul (atma) of the deceased person remains in a state of transition for 12 days after death. During this time, various rituals are performed daily to provide the soul with the spiritual energy and nourishment it needs for its journey. The 13th day is considered the day when the soul finally severs its earthly ties and begins its journey to the ancestral realm (Pitra Loka).
The Teravih ceremony is therefore crucial for two main reasons:
- For the Departed Soul: The rituals performed, including the Pind Daan and puja, are believed to satisfy the soul, purify it of any earthly sins, and give it the final push to move on from its worldly attachments.
- For the Grieving Family: It marks the formal end of the intense mourning period (‘sutak’). After this ceremony, the family can gradually return to their normal daily routines, although the mourning continues in a less restrictive form for up to a year.
Key Rituals Performed During Teravih
The rituals of the 13th-day ceremony can vary slightly based on regional and community customs, but they generally include the following key elements.
| Ritual | Purpose and Description |
|---|---|
| Shradh and Pind Daan | This is the most important ritual. A ‘Shradh’ ceremony is performed where ‘pindas’ (rice balls) are offered to the departed soul and the ancestors. This provides spiritual nourishment for the soul’s journey. |
| Havan / Yajna | A sacred fire ceremony is conducted by a priest to purify the house and the environment from the aura of death and grief. Mantras are chanted for the peace of the soul. |
| Brahmin Bhoj | Brahmins (priests) are invited for a meal. It is believed that feeding the Brahmins satisfies the ancestors. The family also offers them ‘dakshina’ (donations) and other items. |
| Pagri Rasam (for men) | In many North Indian communities, a ‘Pagri’ (turban) ceremony is held where the eldest son is formally recognized as the new head of the family by the extended family and community elders. |
| Ganga Prahar / Shanti Paath | Prayers and readings from holy scriptures are conducted to pray for the peace (‘shanti’) of the departed soul. |
Post-Teravih Customs
After the 13th day, the family is considered to be out of ‘sutak’, the period of intense ritual impurity. They can resume normal social interactions and religious activities. However, the immediate family, especially the sons, often continue to observe certain mourning customs for a year, such as not celebrating major festivals. The annual Shradh ceremony continues to be performed every year during Pitru Paksha to honour the ancestor. This is different from rituals performed on Amavasya, which are for all ancestors collectively.
Understanding these rituals provides insight into the Hindu perspective on life, death, and the soul’s journey, which is a core part of the culture, much like ceremonies such as the saree ceremony that mark life’s transitions.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is the 13th day after death called?
In North India, the 13th-day ceremony after death is commonly called ‘Teravih’ or ‘Tehravin’, which literally translates to ‘thirteenth’. In other parts of India, it might have different names, such as ‘Vaikunta Samaradhane’ in some South Indian communities.
What is the significance of 13 days after death?
According to Hindu beliefs, the 13 days following death are a crucial period of transition for the departed soul. The rituals performed during this time help the soul detach from its earthly life and prepare for its journey to the ancestral realm. The 13th day marks the end of this journey and the family’s period of intense mourning.
What happens during the Teravih ceremony?
The ceremony typically involves a final Shradh and Pind Daan ritual, a havan (fire ceremony) for purification, and a feast for the community and Brahmins (Brahmin Bhoj). In some cultures, a ‘Pagri’ (turban) ceremony is also held to formally pass on the family responsibilities to the eldest son.
Can the family resume normal life after the 13th day?
Yes, the 13th day marks the end of the ‘sutak’ period, during which the family is considered ritually impure and is isolated. After the Teravih, the family can resume most of their normal social and religious activities, although a period of less restrictive mourning often continues for one year.
Is the 13th-day ceremony compulsory?
In traditional Hindu families, it is considered a very important and almost compulsory ritual. It is seen as the final duty of the family towards the departed soul to ensure its peaceful passage. However, the scale and specifics of the ceremony can vary based on the family’s capacity and beliefs.