Horse Gram, known as Kulthi or Gahat (कुल्थी) in Hindi, is a lesser-known but incredibly powerful lentil from the legume family. This small, flattened, reddish-brown bean is one of the hardiest crops, capable of growing in dry and difficult conditions where other pulses fail. The name ‘horse gram’ is a direct nod to its traditional use as a staple food for horses and cattle to provide them with strength and stamina. This primary use in animal feed is a major reason why it has been historically underutilized in human cuisine, often being viewed as a ‘poor man’s food’. However, Horse Gram is a nutritional and medicinal powerhouse for humans as well. In traditional Ayurvedic medicine, it is a highly prized pulse, celebrated for its potent therapeutic properties, especially for treating kidney stones, managing weight, and providing warmth and energy to the body.
Nutritional & Active Compounds in Horse Gram
Horse Gram is a nutritional giant. It is one of the richest plant-based sources of protein and is exceptionally high in dietary fiber. It is loaded with essential minerals, particularly iron, calcium, and phosphorus, making it excellent for bone health and combating anemia. The medicinal potency of Kulthi is attributed to its rich concentration of bioactive compounds, including a wide array of phenolic acids, flavonoids, and phytosterols. These phytochemicals give Horse Gram its powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and, most notably, diuretic and lithotriptic (stone-dissolving) properties. It is also known to be a source of compounds that can inhibit the formation of calcium oxalate crystals in the kidneys.
Health Benefits of Horse Gram
This humble lentil offers a host of significant health benefits that are now being validated by modern scientific research.
3.1 Anti-Inflammatory & Healing Benefits
The rich content of flavonoids and other polyphenols in Horse Gram provides it with strong anti-inflammatory effects. This can help in reducing chronic inflammation, which is beneficial for conditions like arthritis. Traditionally, a warm poultice made from Horse Gram flour is applied to boils and areas of localized swelling to reduce pain and promote healing.
3.2 Antioxidant Benefits
Horse Gram is packed with potent antioxidants that are crucial for protecting the body’s cells from oxidative damage caused by free radicals. This protective action helps to reduce the risk of many chronic diseases and plays a significant role in the overall health-promoting and anti-aging properties of this legume.
3.3 Digestive Health Benefits
The very high dietary fiber content in Horse Gram is excellent for the digestive system. It helps to regulate bowel movements, prevent constipation, and maintain a healthy gut microbiome. Its astringent properties are also traditionally used to help manage diarrhea.
3.4 Kidney Health (Treats Kidney Stones)
This is the most famous and well-documented medicinal use of Horse Gram. It is a cornerstone of traditional remedies for kidney stones.
- Diuretic Properties: It acts as a powerful natural diuretic, which increases urine output. This helps to flush out small kidney stones and prevents the accumulation of minerals that form them.
- Lithotriptic Properties: It is believed to have ‘lithotriptic’ properties, which means it helps in breaking down existing stones into smaller pieces that can be passed more easily.
- Prevents Stone Formation: The active compounds in Horse Gram can inhibit the formation of calcium oxalate crystals, the most common component of kidney stones.
Regular consumption of Kulthi water or soup is a highly effective traditional remedy. For more on kidney health, learn about the benefits of Patharchatta.
3.5 Weight Management
Horse Gram is an excellent food for weight management. Its high protein and high fiber content work synergistically to promote a feeling of fullness and satiety for a longer period. This helps to curb cravings and reduce overall calorie intake. Furthermore, its thermogenic (heat-producing) nature is believed to boost metabolism and promote fat burning.
3.6 Heart & Metabolic Health Benefits (Anti-Diabetic)
Horse Gram is a fantastic food for metabolic health.
- Blood Sugar Control: It is a low-glycemic index food, and its high fiber content ensures a slow release of sugar into the bloodstream. Studies have shown that it can help to reduce insulin resistance and is highly beneficial for managing type 2 diabetes.
- Lowers Cholesterol: The fiber and phytochemicals in Horse Gram can help to lower LDL (“bad”) cholesterol levels, which is a key factor in preventing heart disease.
For other healthy legumes, see our guide on the benefits of Moringa, whose leaves are also used.
Causes: Why Horse Gram Is Commonly Used
The use of Horse Gram is driven by its incredible nutritional value, its resilience as a crop, and its formidable reputation in traditional medicine.
- Cultural and Traditional Reasons: In regions like Uttarakhand, ‘Gahat ki dal’ is a staple and a part of the local cultural identity. In Ayurveda, it is a prescribed medicine for specific ailments, particularly those related to the urinary tract and respiratory system.
- Culinary Uses: It is typically used to make dals (lentil curries), hearty soups (‘rasam’), and sometimes ground into flour to make flatbreads. Soaking the gram overnight is essential as it is very hard.
- Medicinal and Preventive Reasons: This is a major driver. People actively consume Horse Gram soup or water as a specific remedy for kidney stones. It is also a key part of the winter diet in many regions for its ability to generate body heat and provide energy.
Horse Gram in Traditional Medicine vs Modern Science
Horse Gram is a prime example of a traditional “folk medicine” whose incredible claims are being robustly validated by modern scientific investigation.
- Ayurvedic View: In Ayurveda, Horse Gram (‘Kulatthika’) is described as having an astringent (‘kashaya’) taste and a potent heating (‘ushna’) energy. It is known to pacify Vata and Kapha doshas. It is highly valued for its ‘ashmarihara’ (stone-breaking), ‘medohara’ (fat-reducing), and diuretic (‘mutrala’) properties.
- Modern Research Perspective: An increasing body of modern scientific research has confirmed the diuretic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties of Horse Gram extracts. Crucially, in-vitro and animal studies have specifically demonstrated its ability to inhibit calcium oxalate crystallization, providing strong scientific evidence for its traditional use against kidney stones. Its anti-hyperglycemic and lipid-lowering effects are also well-documented.
- Where Both Align: The alignment is exceptionally strong and direct, especially regarding kidney stones. The Ayurvedic property of ‘ashmarihara’ (stone-breaking) is precisely what modern science is now confirming through its research on the inhibition of crystal formation. Its use for weight loss (‘medohara’) is also supported by its high protein/fiber content and thermogenic effects.
How to Use Horse Gram Safely & Effectively
Expert Note: Preparation is Key
Horse Gram is a very hard lentil and must be prepared properly. It is essential to clean, wash, and soak the beans overnight (for at least 6-8 hours) before cooking. This softens them and also helps to reduce the levels of phytic acid, making their nutrients more bioavailable.
6.1 Dietary Use
After soaking, you can pressure-cook the Horse Gram until it is soft. This cooked gram can then be used to make a simple ‘dal’ by tempering it with spices. It can also be mashed and used in soups, or sprouted and added to salads.
6.2 Home Remedies
For kidney stones, the most common remedy is to drink the water in which Horse Gram has been soaked overnight, or to consume a clear soup made by boiling the soaked gram. This is typically done daily for a period of a few months under guidance.
6.3 Supplements
Horse Gram extracts are available in capsule form, primarily marketed for kidney health and weight management. However, consuming the whole lentil as food is the most common and holistic way to get its benefits.
Possible Side Effects & Precautions
While highly nutritious, Horse Gram’s potency requires some caution.
- Heating Nature: Due to its strong ‘ushna’ or heating property, it should be consumed in moderation, especially during hot weather or by individuals with a strong Pitta (heat) constitution, as it can cause acidity or skin rashes.
- Phytic Acid: Like all legumes, it contains phytic acid, an anti-nutrient. Soaking and cooking effectively reduces this.
- Pregnancy: Pregnant women are traditionally advised to avoid Horse Gram due to its heating nature and potential to induce uterine contractions.
Best Time & Recommended Quantity to Consume
As a food, Horse Gram dal or soup is best consumed as part of lunch. Due to its heating nature, it is particularly beneficial during the winter months. A serving of one bowl of dal or soup 2-3 times a week is a good starting point.
Myths vs Facts About Horse Gram
- Myth: Horse Gram is only food for animals.
- Fact: This is a widespread misconception that has limited its use. Horse Gram is a nutritional powerhouse for humans, far superior in certain nutrients to many other common lentils. Its historical use as animal feed only speaks to its high protein and energy content.
- Myth: Horse Gram is hard to digest.
- Fact: If it is not properly soaked and cooked, it can be hard to digest. However, when prepared correctly (soaked overnight and pressure-cooked), it becomes easily digestible and its nutrients are well-absorbed.
- Myth: It can dissolve any kidney stone instantly.
- Fact: Horse Gram is a very effective natural remedy for preventing and helping to manage smaller calcium oxalate stones over time with consistent use. It is not an instant cure and may not be effective for all types or very large stones, which require medical intervention.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. How do I make Horse Gram soup for kidney stones?
Soak about 1/4 cup of Horse Gram overnight. The next day, pressure cook the soaked gram with 3-4 cups of water, a little turmeric, and salt until very soft. You can lightly mash the cooked gram. Temper this thin soup with a little ghee, cumin seeds, and black pepper. Consume one bowl of this soup daily.
2. Can Horse Gram help with cold and cough?
Yes, due to its potent heating (‘ushna’) properties, Horse Gram soup is an excellent remedy for relieving chest congestion, coughs, and colds. It helps to liquefy mucus and provides warmth and energy to the body.
3. How does Horse Gram compare to other dals like Moong or Toor?
Nutritionally, Horse Gram is superior in many aspects. It generally has a higher protein, calcium, and iron content than many common dals. However, it is also more heating and fibrous, so it is used more for its specific medicinal properties.
4. Can sprouting Horse Gram enhance its benefits?
Yes, sprouting Horse Gram after soaking makes it easier to digest and significantly increases the bioavailability of its nutrients. Sprouted Horse Gram can be eaten raw in salads (in small quantities) or lightly steamed.
5. Can I eat Horse Gram in the summer?
Yes, but in moderation. Because it is very heating, it is best to consume it less frequently during peak summer. Balancing it with cooling foods like yogurt or buttermilk can help.
Conclusion
Horse Gram, the resilient and powerful Kulthi, is a true superfood that has been unjustly overlooked for far too long. Its humble status as animal feed belies its extraordinary nutritional density and potent medicinal properties. As a scientifically-backed natural remedy for kidney stones, a powerful aid for weight management, and an excellent food for diabetics, the therapeutic potential of Horse Gram is immense. By rediscovering this ancient lentil and incorporating it wisely into our diet, we can tap into a deep well of nourishment and healing that provides strength, warmth, and protection to the body.
Medical Disclaimer
The information provided in this article is for educational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition, especially kidney stones.
Author
Dr. Amit Khanna
Dr. Amit Khanna is an Internal Medicine Advisor with a focus on chronic disease management through integrated care. He has over 15 years of experience and emphasizes the importance of nutrition and lifestyle choices as a first line of defense for long-term health.